Questions on Program Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation Essay

Questions on Program Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation - Essay Example Public goods are very good example of market failure. Market failure exists when the production or use of goods and services by the market is not efficient. It leads to the free rider problem. Causian solution is a very fair solution to this problem. It is a mechanism by which the potential beneficiaries of a public band together and pool their band together and pool their resources based on their willingness to pay to create the public good. Me rover if the transaction cost between the beneficiaries are sufficiently low then an adequate level of public good production can occur even under competitive free market condition. Q.2 what are the essential elements of the classical experimental design (CED) in evaluation research Define the concept "threat to validity," and identify the threats to validity which a classical experiment does and does not address. Sol. evaluation is a systematic determination of merit, worth, and significance of something. it someone using criteria using a set of standards it is a methodological area than is closely related to, but distinguishable from more traditional social research while the design of experiments is a theory concerning minimum number of experiments necessary to develop an empirical model of a research question and methodology for setting up the necessary experiments. There are various elements of classical experimental design related to research evaluation research such as replications, variations, internal validity, and reproducibility. Concept of validity: the validity of study reflects the accuracy of the results. Matter of validity can bring complexity. So the principal concerns of validity should be straightforward and its consideration is very necessary in every evaluation. Validity can be classified as internal and external validity. Empirical there are too many problem that needs t o be solved experimentally or by observations. Different research designs are susceptible to various types of validity threats such as the common pre/post design. However it is not valid for what we know as malnutrition effect .another common threat to validity is knows as history effects. It is different from that of malnutrition effects. Selection effects, mortality effects and threats to external validity are next in the cue. These above are the threats to validity that a classical experiment does addresses Q.3 Describe the steps in the "prospective evaluation" methodology recommended by the GAO. Address the question, Should all new public programs or policies be subjected to prospective evaluation Sol. GAO has developed the PES as a systematic method for fulfilling congressional request for analyzing proposed legislation and helping and helping identify top-priority